使用 Microsoft Graph 获取 Office 365 用户的 MFA 状态

跟踪用户的 MFA 状态对于保护租户非常重要。目前，我们仍然可以在 PowerShell 中使用 Msol 模块来实现此目的，但 Microsoft 计划停用该模块。因此，我使用 Microsoft Graph 模块重新创建了成功的 MFA 状态脚本。

因此，这个新的 MFA Status 脚本可以执行与旧脚本几乎相同的操作：

• 列出所有用户配置的MFA类型
• 获取所有未启用 MFA 的用户
• 检查单用户的MFA配置
• 检查用户是否是管理员
• 仅获取许可和启用的用户

但使用 Graph，我们还能够检索比旧模块更多的信息。因此现在还检索到以下信息：

• 验证器设备名称
• 获取用户首选的MFA方法
• 检查 Hello for Business 是否已注册
• 自助服务密码重置 (SSPR) 的注册电子邮件地址

目前我们无法检查的是 MFA 是否确实为用户启用或禁用，或者是否强制执行了 MFA（例如用户下次登录后需要配置 MFA）。

与往常一样，您将在文章末尾找到完整的脚本。

使用 Microsoft Graph 和 PowerShell 获取 MFA 状态

Microsoft Graph 不断更新，使用最新版本，我们不必再使用 beta 端点。这意味着我们可以以正常方式连接到 Graph，并使用 Get-MgUser cmdlet 检索所有数据所需的范围。

收集所有用户后，我们可以使用 Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod cmdlet 获取所有 MFA 详细信息。

笔记

使用 Graph，我们实际上无法检查用户是否启用或禁用了 MFA。我们只能检查配置了哪些身份验证方法。

Microsoft 正在放弃每用户 MFA 配置，我们需要转向 MFA 的条件访问策略。因此，目前，可以在管理中心为特定用户禁用 MFA，我们无法使用 Graph 检测到这一点。

但是，如果您有 Azure P1 或 P2，请查看此脚本。或者，您仍然可以使用旧的 MSOL 模块来执行此操作，因此，如果您仍在使用每用户 MFA，请务必检查此脚本。

要求

您需要安装 Microsoft Graph 模块。该脚本将检查该模块是否已安装，如果没有，您将获得安装它的选项。

获取所有用户及其 MFA 状态

该脚本附带了几个参数，我们可以使用它们来微调导出结果。但默认情况下，它将获取所有许可用户、列出管理员并将 CSV 导出保存在与脚本相同的位置。完成后，脚本将打开 CSV 文件。

因此，要获取所有用户，我们只需运行脚本即可：

# Get all licensed users:
Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1

仅获取没有 MFA 的用户

当您拥有大型租户时，您可能只想查看未启用 MFA 的用户。为此，您可以添加使用开关 -withoutMFAOnly：

Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1 -withOutMFAOnly

仅检查管理员的 MFA 状态

默认情况下，该脚本将列出所有管理员，但您也可以仅使用 -adminsOnly 开关检查管理员的 MFA 状态：

Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1 -adminsOnly

检查特定用户或选择的用户的状态

还可以检查特定用户的 MFA 状态。我们可以使用 -UserPrincipalName 参数指定用户的 UserPrincipal 名称：

Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName 'johndoe@contoso.com'

该参数接受字符串数组，因此您可以用逗号分隔要检索的用户：

Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName 'johndoe@contoso.com','janedoe@contoso.com'

另一种选择是使用 Get-MgUser cmdlet 的过滤器，然后通过管道传输 Get-MgMFAStatus 脚本：

Get-MgUser -Filter "country eq 'Netherlands'" | ForEach-Object { Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName }

完整的脚本

完整的脚本可以从我的 Github 存储库下载，我建议使用它，以便您始终拥有最新版本。

建议

通过在 PowerShell 配置文件中添加对脚本的引用，快速获取用户的 MFA 状态。请阅读本文中的所有内容。

<#
.Synopsis
  Get the MFA status for all users or a single user with Microsoft Graph

.DESCRIPTION
  This script will get the Azure MFA Status for your users. You can query all the users, admins only or a single user.
   
	It will return the MFA Status, MFA type and registered devices.

  Note: Default MFA device is currently not supported https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/resources/authenticationmethods-overview?view=graph-rest-beta
        Hardwaretoken is not yet supported

.NOTES
  Name: Get-MgMFAStatus
  Author: R. Mens - LazyAdmin.nl
  Version: 1.2
  DateCreated: Jun 2022
  Purpose/Change: Added MFA preferred method

.LINK
  https://lazyadmin.nl

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus

  Get the MFA Status of all enabled and licensed users and check if there are an admin or not

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName 'johndoe@contoso.com','janedoe@contoso.com'

  Get the MFA Status for the users John Doe and Jane Doe

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -withOutMFAOnly

  Get only the licensed and enabled users that don't have MFA enabled

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -adminsOnly

  Get the MFA Status of the admins only

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgUser -Filter "country eq 'Netherlands'" | ForEach-Object { Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName }

  Get the MFA status for all users in the Country The Netherlands. You can use a similar approach to run this
  for a department only.

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -withOutMFAOnly| Export-CSV c:\temp\userwithoutmfa.csv -noTypeInformation

  Get all users without MFA and export them to a CSV file
#>

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Default")]
param(
  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "UserPrincipalName",
    HelpMessage = "Enter a single UserPrincipalName or a comma separted list of UserPrincipalNames",
    Position = 0
    )]
  [string[]]$UserPrincipalName,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "AdminsOnly"
  )]
  # Get only the users that are an admin
  [switch]$adminsOnly = $false,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "Licensed"
  )]
  # Check only the MFA status of users that have license
  [switch]$IsLicensed = $true,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $true,
    ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
    ParameterSetName  = "withOutMFAOnly"
  )]
  # Get only the users that don't have MFA enabled
  [switch]$withOutMFAOnly = $false,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false
  )]
  # Check if a user is an admin. Set to $false to skip the check
  [switch]$listAdmins = $true,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    HelpMessage = "Enter path to save the CSV file"
  )]
  [string]$path = ".\MFAStatus-$((Get-Date -format "MMM-dd-yyyy").ToString()).csv"
)

Function ConnectTo-MgGraph {
  # Check if MS Graph module is installed
  if (-not(Get-InstalledModule Microsoft.Graph)) { 
    Write-Host "Microsoft Graph module not found" -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow
    $install = Read-Host "Do you want to install the Microsoft Graph Module?"

    if ($install -match "[yY]") {
      Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Repository PSGallery -Scope CurrentUser -AllowClobber -Force
    }else{
      Write-Host "Microsoft Graph module is required." -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow
      exit
    } 
  }

  # Connect to Graph
  Write-Host "Connecting to Microsoft Graph" -ForegroundColor Cyan
  Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All, UserAuthenticationMethod.Read.All, Directory.Read.All" -NoWelcome
}

Function Get-Admins{
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
    Get all user with an Admin role
  #>
  process{
    $admins = Get-MgDirectoryRole | Select-Object DisplayName, Id | 
                %{$role = $_.DisplayName; Get-MgDirectoryRoleMember -DirectoryRoleId $_.id | 
                  where {$_.AdditionalProperties."@odata.type" -eq "#microsoft.graph.user"} | 
                  % {Get-MgUser -userid $_.id }
                } | 
                Select @{Name="Role"; Expression = {$role}}, DisplayName, UserPrincipalName, Mail, Id | Sort-Object -Property Mail -Unique
    
    return $admins
  }
}

Function Get-Users {
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
    Get users from the requested DN
  #>
  process{
    # Set the properties to retrieve
    $select = @(
      'id',
      'DisplayName',
      'userprincipalname',
      'mail'
    )

    $properties = $select + "AssignedLicenses"

    # Get enabled, disabled or both users
    switch ($enabled)
    {
      "true" {$filter = "AccountEnabled eq true and UserType eq 'member'"}
      "false" {$filter = "AccountEnabled eq false and UserType eq 'member'"}
      "both" {$filter = "UserType eq 'member'"}
    }
    
    # Check if UserPrincipalName(s) are given
    if ($UserPrincipalName) {
      Write-host "Get users by name" -ForegroundColor Cyan

      $users = @()
      foreach ($user in $UserPrincipalName) 
      {
        try {
          $users += Get-MgUser -UserId $user -Property $properties | select $select -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
          [PSCustomObject]@{
            DisplayName       = " - Not found"
            UserPrincipalName = $User
            isAdmin           = $null
            MFAEnabled        = $null
          }
        }
      }
    }elseif($adminsOnly)
    {
      Write-host "Get admins only" -ForegroundColor Cyan

      $users = @()
      foreach ($admin in $admins) {
        $users += Get-MgUser -UserId $admin.UserPrincipalName -Property $properties | select $select
      }
    }else
    {
      if ($IsLicensed) {
        # Get only licensed users
        $users = Get-MgUser -Filter $filter -Property $properties -all | Where-Object {($_.AssignedLicenses).count -gt 0} | select $select
      }else{
        $users = Get-MgUser -Filter $filter -Property $properties -all | select $select
      }
    }
    return $users
  }
}

Function Get-MFAMethods {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get the MFA status of the user
  #>
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $userId
  )
  process{
    # Get MFA details for each user
    [array]$mfaData = Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod -UserId $userId

    # Create MFA details object
    $mfaMethods  = [PSCustomObject][Ordered]@{
      status            = "-"
      authApp           = "-"
      phoneAuth         = "-"
      fido              = "-"
      helloForBusiness  = "-"
      helloForBusinessCount = 0
      emailAuth         = "-"
      tempPass          = "-"
      passwordLess      = "-"
      softwareAuth      = "-"
      authDevice        = ""
      authPhoneNr       = "-"
      SSPREmail         = "-"
    }

    ForEach ($method in $mfaData) {
        Switch ($method.AdditionalProperties["@odata.type"]) {
          "#microsoft.graph.microsoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod"  { 
            # Microsoft Authenticator App
            $mfaMethods.authApp = $true
            $mfaMethods.authDevice += $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"] 
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.phoneAuthenticationMethod"                  { 
            # Phone authentication
            $mfaMethods.phoneAuth = $true
            $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr = $method.AdditionalProperties["phoneType", "phoneNumber"] -join ' '
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.fido2AuthenticationMethod"                   { 
            # FIDO2 key
            $mfaMethods.fido = $true
            $fifoDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["model"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.passwordAuthenticationMethod"                { 
            # Password
            # When only the password is set, then MFA is disabled.
            if ($mfaMethods.status -ne "enabled") {$mfaMethods.status = "disabled"}
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.windowsHelloForBusinessAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # Windows Hello
            $mfaMethods.helloForBusiness = $true
            $helloForBusinessDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
            $mfaMethods.helloForBusinessCount++
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.emailAuthenticationMethod"                   { 
            # Email Authentication
            $mfaMethods.emailAuth =  $true
            $mfaMethods.SSPREmail = $method.AdditionalProperties["emailAddress"] 
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }               
          "microsoft.graph.temporaryAccessPassAuthenticationMethod"    { 
            # Temporary Access pass
            $mfaMethods.tempPass = $true
            $tempPassDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["lifetimeInMinutes"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.passwordlessMicrosoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # Passwordless
            $mfaMethods.passwordLess = $true
            $passwordLessDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.softwareOathAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # ThirdPartyAuthenticator
            $mfaMethods.softwareAuth = $true
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
        }
    }
    Return $mfaMethods
  }
}

Function Get-Manager {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get the manager users
  #>
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $userId
  )
  process {
    $manager = Get-MgUser -UserId $userId -ExpandProperty manager | Select @{Name = 'name'; Expression = {$_.Manager.AdditionalProperties.displayName}}
    return $manager.name
  }
}

Function Get-MFAStatusUsers {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get all AD users
  #>
  process {
    Write-Host "Collecting users" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    
    # Collect users
    $users = Get-Users
    
    Write-Host "Processing" $users.count "users" -ForegroundColor Cyan

    # Collect and loop through all users
    $users | ForEach {
      
      $mfaMethods = Get-MFAMethods -userId $_.id
      $manager = Get-Manager -userId $_.id

       $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/users/$($_.id)/authentication/signInPreferences"
       $mfaPreferredMethod = Invoke-MgGraphRequest -uri $uri -Method GET

       if ($null -eq ($mfaPreferredMethod.userPreferredMethodForSecondaryAuthentication)) {
        # When an MFA is configured by the user, then there is alway a preferred method
        # So if the preferred method is empty, then we can assume that MFA isn't configured
        # by the user
        $mfaMethods.status = "disabled"
       }

      if ($withOutMFAOnly) {
        if ($mfaMethods.status -eq "disabled") {
          [PSCustomObject]@{
            "Name" = $_.DisplayName
            Emailaddress = $_.mail
            UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName
            isAdmin = if ($listAdmins -and ($admins.UserPrincipalName -match $_.UserPrincipalName)) {$true} else {"-"}
            MFAEnabled        = $false
            "Phone number" = $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr
            "Email for SSPR" = $mfaMethods.SSPREmail
          }
        }
      }else{
        [pscustomobject]@{
          "Name" = $_.DisplayName
          Emailaddress = $_.mail
          UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName
          isAdmin = if ($listAdmins -and ($admins.UserPrincipalName -match $_.UserPrincipalName)) {$true} else {"-"}
          "MFA Status" = $mfaMethods.status
          "MFA Preferred method" = $mfaPreferredMethod.userPreferredMethodForSecondaryAuthentication
          "Phone Authentication" = $mfaMethods.phoneAuth
          "Authenticator App" = $mfaMethods.authApp
          "Passwordless" = $mfaMethods.passwordLess
          "Hello for Business" = $mfaMethods.helloForBusiness
          "FIDO2 Security Key" = $mfaMethods.fido
          "Temporary Access Pass" = $mfaMethods.tempPass
          "Authenticator device" = $mfaMethods.authDevice
          "Phone number" = $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr
          "Email for SSPR" = $mfaMethods.SSPREmail
          "Manager" = $manager
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

# Connect to Graph
ConnectTo-MgGraph

# Get Admins
# Get all users with admin role
$admins = $null

if (($listAdmins) -or ($adminsOnly)) {
  $admins = Get-Admins
} 

# Get MFA Status
Get-MFAStatusUsers | Sort-Object Name | Export-CSV -Path $path -NoTypeInformation

if ((Get-Item $path).Length -gt 0) {
  Write-Host "Report finished and saved in $path" -ForegroundColor Green

  # Open the CSV file
  Invoke-Item $path
}else{
  Write-Host "Failed to create report" -ForegroundColor Red
}

总结

启用 MFA 确实有助于保护您的租户。此 PowerShell 脚本允许您轻松检查用户的 MFA 状态。

请务必查看本文以及 Office 365 的其他 20 个安全提示。您可以在此处找到此脚本的 Msol 版本，以及在此处找到基于 Microsoft Entra 的新版本。

如果您发现此脚本有用，请分享。如果您有任何疑问，请在下面发表评论。

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